{"id":472,"date":"2023-12-12T21:14:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T13:14:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.org.au\/wp\/?page_id=472"},"modified":"2024-03-05T19:12:07","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T11:12:07","slug":"annona-mucosa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/fruit-trees\/annona-mucosa\/","title":{"rendered":"Annona mucosa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Annona mucosa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rollinia, biriba<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"alignnormal\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-466\" style=\"width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-109-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-466 ml-slider has-carousel-mode ms-theme-default nav-hidden\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Annona mucosa\" data-height=\"200\" data-width=\"300\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_466\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_466\">\n            <ul class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-469 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2023-12-12 20:51:48\" data-filename=\"RolliniaFlower-300x200.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/RolliniaFlower.jpg\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/RolliniaFlower-300x200.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"300\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-466 slide-469 msDefaultImage\" title=\"tri-foliate flower\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-467 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2023-12-12 20:51:20\" data-filename=\"rollinia_fruit-300x200.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rollinia_fruit.jpg\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rollinia_fruit-300x200.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"300\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-466 slide-467 msDefaultImage\" title=\"mature fruit\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-468 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2023-12-12 20:51:42\" data-filename=\"rollinia_cut-300x200.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rollinia_cut.jpg\" target=\"_self\" aria-label=\"View Slide Details\" class=\"metaslider_image_link\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/rollinia_cut-300x200.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"300\" alt=\"\" class=\"slider-466 slide-468 msDefaultImage\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Origin<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is native to the lowlands of Brazil and now grown in other tropical regions worldwide at up to 600m and where there is &gt;1300mm well-distributed precipitation pa. There are about 65 species in the previously accepted genus <em>Rollinia <\/em>(now rolled into <em>Annona<\/em>), but only a few produce edible fruit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Climate<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It prefers hot, humid climates with an average annual temperature of 26\u00b0C and minima above 15\u00b0C. There is low tolerance of frosts and extended dry periods. Low temperatures retard fruit maturation and too high temperatures lead to early fruit drop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plant Description<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fast-growing <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3205 classtoolTips3205'>deciduous<\/span> tree, 4-10m tall, with a dense rounded canopy. The simple alternate leathery leaves are elliptical, 10-25cm long, on 5-10mm <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3341 classtoolTips3341'>pedicels<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relatives<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Annonaceae Family. Related to Atemoya (custard apple), soursop, sugar apple, cherimoya, posh te, North American papaya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soils<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deep soils with a high content of organic matter and good drainage are best, but it will tolerate sandy, <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3166 classtoolTips3166'>calcareous<\/span> and clay soils outside this range and even periodic flooding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propogation<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seeds are <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3381 classtoolTips3381'>recalcitrant<\/span> and need to be planted fresh. Germination rates are good but there is considerable variation in yield and fruit quality between trees.&nbsp; There has been little development work done to date and selection of <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3178 classtoolTips3178'>chance seedlings<\/span> has been the main means of improvement. These superior trees are then usually propagated by <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3774 classtoolTips3774'>grafting<\/span> or <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3780 classtoolTips3780'>marcots<\/span> to preserve their features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivars<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several named <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3457 classtoolTips3457'>varieties<\/span> in Brazil, India and the Philippines but these are basically unobtainable here and Nursery plants will inevitably be unnamed seedlings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flowering and Pollination<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The flowers are solitary or in groups of 2-3, <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3269 classtoolTips3269'>hermaphrodite<\/span>, borne on long pedicels and exhibit <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3372 classtoolTips3372'>protogynous<\/span> <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3212 classtoolTips3212'>dichogamy<\/span>. Like avocados, environmental conditions can affect the degree of overlap between male and female stages, changing the degree of self-<span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3363 classtoolTips3363'>pollination<\/span> possible. Pollination is the limiting factor in <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3250 classtoolTips3250'>fruit set<\/span>; below a relative <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_4370 classtoolTips4370'>humidity<\/span> of 80%, this will be compromised due to <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3361 classtoolTips3361'>pollen<\/span> and <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3422 classtoolTips3422'>stigma<\/span> desiccation. Pollinators are thought to be beetles, thrips and to a lesser extent, flies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivation<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It will grow in full sun or partial shade. No studies have been conducted specifically for Rollinia, but fertilization programmes for other Annonas can be used as guides. It is important not to over-fertilize, as <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3459 classtoolTips3459'>vegetative<\/span> rather than reproductive growth will result. Rollinia responds well to organic supplements and mulch. Watering in dry periods is essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Wind Tolerance<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are very susceptible to wind damage, particularly when young.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pruning<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lateral branches can be long and drooping so the tree should be skirted and trimmed, as fruit loads will either cause breakages or make contact with soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Fruit<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is a <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3435 classtoolTips3435'>syncarp<\/span> <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3148 classtoolTips3148'>berry<\/span> consisting of many joined <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3173 classtoolTips3173'>carpels<\/span> of radial fruitlets, which results in the skin having many soft, rounded bumps or more pronounced spines. It may be heart-shaped or spherical-oblong, 10-20cm long and weigh 200g-3kg. Fruit changes from green to yellow as it matures. The white to translucent flesh is succulent with a slender opaque core (<span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3382 classtoolTips3382'>receptacle<\/span>) and many black seeds, 1-1.5cm long that are easily removed. Edible flesh is about 50% of the fruit. It has reasonable Ca, Fe and vitamin C levels and 10-20% carbohydrates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fruit Production and Harvesting<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seedling-grown trees have a <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3293 classtoolTips3293'>juvenile<\/span> period of 3-4 years. Fruit mature about 60 days after <span class='tooltipsall tooltip_post_id_3134 classtoolTips3134'>anthesis<\/span>. Yield will increase over a number of years to the fully mature level, with well-managed 15-year-old trees producing up to 150 fruit pa. If picked when fruit are firm but starting to turn yellow, they will ripen in 3-7 days. Fully ripe fruits will develop black tips on their spines. Fruit should be clipped from the tree to minimize fruit rot, and great care needs to be exercised to avoid damage. Any damaged sections rapidly darken, eventually covering the whole fruit; at this stage it will only last 1-2 days before flesh becomes very mushy and fermentation begins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fruit Uses<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is usually eaten fresh, but can also be used to make milk shakes, jams, jellies, pickles and chutneys. The flesh oxidizes rapidly once the fruit is cut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pests and Diseases<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scale and mealy bugs can be problems, and possibly fruit fly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although essentially a tropical species it can be fruited here if given sufficient and regular water.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Annona mucosa Rollinia, biriba Origin It is native to the lowlands of Brazil and now grown in other tropical regions worldwide at up to 600m and where there is &gt;1300mm well-distributed precipitation pa. There are about 65 species in the previously accepted genus Rollinia (now rolled into Annona), but only a few produce edible fruit. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":15,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"iawp_total_views":369,"footnotes":""},"folder":[94],"class_list":["post-472","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=472"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3974,"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/472\/revisions\/3974"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"folder","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rarefruitclub.au\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/folder?post=472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}