few flowers that are part of a compound cyme

Compounds with many developmental effects on plants, including leaf senescence, nutrient mobilization, apical dominance, formation and activity of shoot apical meristems, floral development, breaking of bud dormancy and seed germination.

Detaching or falling off, usually referring to leaves, leaf tips or sepals and petals of flowers after expansion.

Arranged along the stem in pairs, each pair at right angles to the pair immediately above or below, as in leaves.

Splitting or opening in a regular manner allowing pollen or spores to escape.

Where a substance absorbs moisture from the air & if sufficient can dissolve in it.

Substances that absorb moisture from the environment and can dissolve in the moisture to form a solution.

Branching like a tree.

Process by which soil anaerobic microbes convert nitrate or nitrite to the gases nitrous oxide or nitrogen, subsequently lost to the atmosphere.

Toothed, having triangular teeth perpendicular to the margin (leaf description).

The apical meristem ceasing extension growth, eg with a flower terminating axial growth

Male and female organs mature on the same plant at different times, promoting natural cross-pollination.

One of the 2 classes of flowering plants characterised by 2 seed leaves (cotyledons) in the embryo.

Species with staminate and pistillate flowers on separate individuals, unisexual.

Plant cell with two basic haploid sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.

leaves arranged in two alternating rows, either side of a stem in the same plane

Leaves or other lateral organs arranged in two alternating rows on opposite sides of a stem and thus in the same plane.

Refers to inherited traits; with dominant alleles one copy is sufficient to produce the trait.

Not active, awaiting stimulus to fulfil a function.

A fleshy indehiscent fruit having a hard endocarp and a single seed, sometimes having more than one encased seed.

A diminutive drupe, eg raspberry fruit.

A crystalline form of calcium oxalate that is common in plant cells.

electrical conductivity

Mutualistic association between fungi and roots in which fungal hyphae invest the roots forming a mantle and weave between the outer cells.

The physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil that influence the life of organisms.

oil-secreting gland

Removal of immature staminate flower structures (anthers) to prevent self-pollination.

The rudimentary plant in a seed formed after sexual or asexual reproduction.

Inner layer of a pericarp.

In angiosperms, an embryonic nutritive tissue formed during double fertilization of a sperm with the polar nuclei, making it triploid.

The first fully-expanded leaf (or leaves) produced by a seedling.

Outer layer of the pericarp or matured ovary.

Portion of the embryo or seedling above the cotyledons.

Outer layer of cells.

Emergence of cotyledons above the soil.

Heritable changes of gene expression without modification of the dna sequence.

Flowers with the floral parts attached above the level of insertion of the ovary, arising from tissue that is fused to the ovary wall.

A plant that uses another plant for support but does not take nutrients from it.

Methods for training trees, usually with supporting frames

A gas that functions as a plant hormone. important effects on plant growth and development including stimulating or inhibiting elongation of stems and roots, enhances fruit development, suppresses flowering on most species, increases abscission of flowers and fruit.

Elongation, discolouration and poor plant growth due to lack of chlorophyll.

Leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margins but which gradually diminish inside the margin.

Having a true nucleus.

Outermost layer of the fruit wall (pericarp).

projecting beyond – stamens exceeding the corolla

A cluster of flowers arising from the same point without a peduncle.

Application of fertilizers, soil amendments or other water soluble products through an irrigation system.

Usually formed near the surface, these roots have a large surface area to absorb moisture and nutrients.

Water content of a soil after being saturated with water and the excess has been allowed to drain away.

Stalk like portion of a stamen, supporting the anther.

A hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells

A large group of plant polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, flavones, flavanols and isoflavones.

Nutrients dissolved in water and applied to the foliage of the plant thru which they are absorbed.

A dry, dehiscent fruit formed from one carpel and dehiscing along the line of fusion of its edges.

The beginning of fruit growth on the plant; this may occur following pollination and fertilization, or pollination without fertilization, or without either.

Stalk of an ovule

Large swelling on plant tissues caused by bacteria, fungi, nematodes or insect parasites.

Reproductive cell. a cell or nucleus that fuses with another in sexual reproduction to produce a zygote.

Pollination by one flower of a different flower on the same individual.

A large group of chemically-related plant hormones associated with promotion of stem growth, seed germination and many other functions.

(cincturing, ringing) removal of a ring of bark from a woody stem that interrupts transport in the phloem until regrowth takes place.

Having no hairs, bristles or stalked glands.

Surface with a fine white substance (bloom) that will rub off.

Globe-shaped, spherical.

uniting parts of separate plants allowing vascular connectivity

The pair of specialised epidermal cells surrounding the stoma pore regulating its opening and closing.

The process by which water passes from inside the leaf and is deposited on the outer surface, often on the edge or from points.

Seed-bearing plant with the ovules borne on the margins or surface of a sporophyll and not enclosed by fusion of the sporophyllar tissue.

Plants that bear pistillate (female) flowers only.

Whorl or group of carpels in the centre or at the top of the flower; all the carpels in a flower.

Plants that bear both pistillate and perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers.

A receptacle stalk bearing the gynoecium above the level of insertion of the stamens

Plant with the capability to grow in saline habitats.

Plant cell having a single set of chromosomes in the nucleus.

Matrix of polysaccharides that have β-(1→4)-linked backbones.

Where pollen presentation and receipt is spatially separated within an individual flower, or between individual plants.

A flower with functional stamens and carpels.

A berry where the endocarp is a mass of succulent juice sacs.

Having the adult parts of the plant (especially the leaves) distinctly different in form from the juvenile parts.

A flower in which styles and stamens are of different heights/lengths relative to each other to promote cross pollination.

Non-identical alleles on a chromosome.

A mark or scar on a seed produced by separation from the funicle or placenta.

Where flowering takes place prior to leaf emergence after winter in deciduous species.

Identical alleles on a chromosome.

A measure of water vapor in the air.

Hydrophilic molecules are polar/ionic & able to interact with water.

Hydrophobic molecules are non-polar, resistant to water.

Floral tube formed by the fusion of the basal portions of the sepals, petals and stamens from which the rest of the floral parts emanate.

The portion of the axis of the plant embryo below the point of attachment of the cotyledons; forms the base of the shoot and the root.

Emergence of cotyledons below the soil surface.

Initial taking up of water, particularly with seeds, prior to germination.

Applied to leaves or to the parts of the flower when they overlap each other in a regular arrangement.

A compound leaf with a terminal pinna.

A unisexual flower; lacking either male or female parts.

A form of grafting whereby two plants are grown side by side, one to be the stock and the other to be the scion. they are both prepared for grafting and bound together and allowed to heal before the top of the rootstock and the bottom of the scion are severed.

Flower lacking at least one of the four basic parts : sepals, petals, stamens or pistils.

Not opening naturally when ripe.

The apical meristem produces an unrestricted number of lateral organs, in particular, when the axis is not terminated by a flower.

One with the flower parts growing from above; one that is adnate to the calyx. fruits from these have an apical calyx.

Any complete flower cluster including branches and bracts; clusters separated by leaves are separate inflorescences.